Internal-combustion engine.



E. H. CARLSON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22. |916.

wm., Patent@ sept. 4, 1917.

E. R. CARLSON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. AEPLICATION FILED'MAR. 22. 1916.

1,239,081, Patentedsept. 4, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

E. R. CARLSON.

INTERNAL comusloN ENG|NE.

APPLICATION FILEDMAR. 22. 1916. 1.389,@83.

Patented Sept. 4, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

L B. CARLSON, 0F MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 4, 1917..

Application nled March 22, 1916. Serial No. 85,956,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EARL R. CARLSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State ofMinnesota, have invented new and useful Improvements inInternal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the four cycletype, the engine of this invention being especially designed for use inboats but being also designed for use as a stationary engine or for usein connection with aeroplanes, automobiles and the like, the obj ect ofthe present invention being to provide means whereby the engine may beefficiently cooled both exteriorly and interiorly by ther use of air orair and water combined. A further object of the invention is to providein connection with an'inside air jacket for cooling the piston orpistons and piston rod, air compressing means actuated by the piston rodand .t

operating to force air under pressure through said jacket.

A further object of the invention is to provide in combination'with thecylinder or cylinders, one or more air jackets surrounding the same, andair compressing means actuated by the piston and serving to force airunder pressure through said air jacket or jackets for the purpose ofcooling the cylin- A ders exteriorly of the cylinder walls.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in thenovel construction, combination and arrangement of parts7 as hereindescribed, illustrated and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 isa longitudinal diametricalsection through a double acting engine embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary transverse section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary transverse section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of one of the double packing ringsfor the inside air jacket.-

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a modified arrangement ofcertain parts.

Referring to the drawings 1 designates a cylinder, '2 a piston rodworking centrally and longitudinally therein, and 3 pistons fastened tothe piston rod 2 and operating at opposite sides of a stationarycylinder head 4 thereby leaving combustion chambers 5 and 6 at oppositesides of the piston head 4.

The piston head 4 is provided with inwardly diverging fuel passages 7the outer ends of which are both in communication with a fuel inletvalve casing 8, 9 designating the fuel inlet valve which is heldnormally seated by means of a spring 10 surrounding the valve Vstem 11and provided at its outer extremity with an anti-friction roller 12 withwhich coperates a valve opening cam 13 having two projections so that ineach complete rotation of the cam shaft 14, the valve 9 is opened twicefor the purpose of admitting fuel first to one combustion chamber 5 andthen to the other combustion chamber 6.

rl`he cylinder head 4 is also provided with exhaust passages 15controlled by exhaust valves 16 similar in all respects to the valve 9and the parts associated therewith as just hereinabove described, eachexhaust valve 16 being operated by a cam 17 `having but one projectionor high face and mounted on the same rotary crank shaft 14 wtlithe cam13. The same rotary cam shaft 14 is provided with cams 18 forperiodically opening air inlet valves 19 which control the air inletpassages 20 extending into the combustion chambers 5 and 6 near theopposite faces of the stationary cylinder head 4 as clearly shown inFig. 1. The Cams 18 have only one high face. It will thus be seen thatthe fuel inlet valve 9 opens twice for each single opening-of the valves16 and 19 and all of said valves are operated at the proper periods bythe single rotary cam shaft 14 which is mounted in suitable bearings atone side of the engine.

At each side of the cylinder head 4, the combustion chambers 5 and 6 aresurrounded by air jackets 21 which are placed in communication with eachother by cooling passages 22 extending through the cylinder head 4,whereby the air from one jacket 21 may be forced through the cylinderhead into the other jacket for cooling both ends of the cylinder andalso for cooling the cylinder head.

Surrounding the piston rod 2 is an air jacket 23 of tubular form and ofgreater internal diameter than the external diameter of the rod 2. Thejacket 23 travels or moves with the piston rod and therefore togetherwith the piston rod, works through a central opening in the cylinderhead 4. At its opposite ends, the jacket 23 is expanded or enlarged asshown at 24 to cover a greater portion of the area of the adjacent facesof the pistons 3. Each enlarged end portion 24 is shown as flanged at 25and fastened at 26 to the adjacent piston.

To the opposite face of one of the pistons 3 there is secured theexpanded or enlarged portions 27 of an air jacket extension 28 which, ifdesired, may be of less diameter than the jacket 23 just described.Carried by the air jacket extension 28 is an air com- Y pressing plungerhead 29 which is therefore actuated simultaneously with and by means ofthe piston rod 2 and serves to compress .air in the end portion ofthecylinder l for the purpose of supplying air under pressure to theoutside jackets 21 and the inslde j ack-A ets 23. A check4 valve 30mountedwithin a threaded and removable valve cage 31 in the end portionof the jacket extension 28 admits a portion of the air under pressurethrough the jacket extension 28 and through ports 32 in the adjacentpiston to the jacket 423, the air continuing its movement' through theports 32 of the other piston 3 at the 0pposite side of the cylinder head4 and thence onward through another extension 33 of said air jacket, thelast named extension 33 being provided with an expanded or enlargedportion 34 corresponding with the portions 24 ofthe jacket 23 andsecured in the same way and bearing the same relation to the opposite orouter face of the adjacent piston 3.

Air is admitted to the air compressing end of the cylinder 1 through aninlet check valve 35 which is mounted in a removable A cage 36 in linewith the valve 30. A U- shaped pipe or connection 37 communicates withthe air suction chamber 38 between the plunger head 29 and the adjacenthead 39 of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 1 and the pipe 37 thencommunicates by means of a short neck 40 with a manifold 41 the branches42 of which extend in opposite directions and communicate at theirdischarge j 4ends at the points 43 with the outside air l' jackets 21. Acheck valve 44 contained in a detachable cage 45 is mounted within theconnecting neck 40 above referred to and access is had tol-the valvecage 45 for removing the same by means of a detachable valve plug 46threaded into an opening in the manifold 41 in line with the cage 45.All 'of the valves and their cages just referred to are thus removablefor the purposes of repair. 48 designates oil inlets for lubricatlng theinterior of the cylinder and the working parts therein.

In order to prevent leakage of compression where the inner jacket 23slides through the central cylinder head 4, pac rings tensioned by meansof adjusting screws 53 inserted radially through the piston head 4 fromthe outside of the cylinder. The yokesV 50 are preferably arranged oneabove the other and in suchrcase, the wei ht of the upper yoke 50 may befound su 'cient Vto hold the sections of the rings 49 carried'thereby 1ngas-tight contact with the outer surface of the air jacket 23. Annulerretaining lips or flanges 54 serve to hold thc rings 49 in place andprevent the same from being carried into the combustion chambers of theengme.

Under`the arrangement illustrated in F ig. 1, the jacket 23 is providedabout centrally of its length or about midway between the pistons 3 witha fuel groove or depression 55 whereas under the arrangement shown inFig; 7, two fuel grooves or depressions 56 are provided in the jacket 23and close to or near the expanded or enlarged portions 24 of said airjacket. Under the arrangement shown in Fig. l, as the left hand piston 3moves away from the cylinder head 4, air is primarily sucked inwardlythrough the respective air inlet valve 19 and as soon as the adj acentfuel inlet passage 7 is bridged by the depression or groove 55, thesuction of the piston 3 moving away from the piston head 4 causes aniniiow of a suitable amount of liquid fuel. In the return movement ofthe left hand piston 3, the mixture of air and fuel is compressed. Thenext outwardstroke of the piston 3 is the firing stroke, and the finalreturn stroke of the left hand piston 3 toward the cylinder head 4expels the burned gases through the adjacent exhaust portI 15 andoutward past the exhaust valve 16. The same operatlon just described isduplicated at the opposite side of the piston head 4 but, of course, theexplosions alternate in the two combustion chambers. In this way thepiston rod 2 is actuated in both directions.

Under the arrangement shown in Fig. 7, as the left hand piston 3 movesaway from the cylinder head 4, fuel is first admitted to the combustionchamber 5 by the suction produced by the piston 3 and after the fuel inthe passage 7 is closed or covered by the` the operation between Figs. 1and 2 resides in the fact that, under the arrangement A shown in Fig. 1,air is lirst drawn into the combustion chamber, followed by a charge offuel, while under the arrangement shown in Fig. 7, the fuel is firstdrawn into the combustion chamber, followed by the charge of air.

The cylinder 1 may be of any suitable length in accordance with thestroke desired and the body of the cylinder is provided at the oppositeextremities thereof with outwardly extending annular flanges 57 to whichheads 39 may -be bolted orotherwise fastened as shown at 58 or by meansof which an additional cylinder 59 may be fastened to the cylinder 1. Asstated 'in a former ,j

application filed by me, anyl number of such cylinders and power unitsmay be coupled together end to end, the piston rod 2 beingcorrespondingly lengthened and the required additional number of pistons3 being mounted thereon in conjunction with the additional stationarycylinder heads 4 and the other parts referred to hereinabove inconnection with the description of the single power unit illustrated inFig. 1. This renders the engine as a whole peculiarly adapted for use inconnection with motor boats where there is usually ample room in a foreand aft direction but where there is usually a lack of side room orvertical space. The engine of this invention may practically be mountedunder the floor of a vessel so that the presence thereof will not benoticeable and very little useful space will be occupied thereby. Insuch a case it will, of course, be understood that any desired expedientmay be brought into use for transmitting the reciprocatory motion of thepiston rod'2 into rotary motion for driving the propeller of a motorboat, or any other mechanical element to which rotary motion -is to beimparted. The combined power of the impulses obtained in all of thecombustion chambers of the connected units is, of course,

imparted to the common piston rod 2.

Furthermore, 'it will be understood that the engine is cooled bothexteriorly and interiorly and that under the arrangement described andshown, bothfaces of each piston are cooled throughout the greater amountof their area, in addition to which the cooling air passes through portsin the pistons, as many of such ports being provided as may be foundnecessary or expedient. While I have described the use of both outsideand inside water jackets, it will be understood that in lieu of theoutside air jacket, the ordinary jacket may be employed, retaining theinside air jacket for obvious reasons. No additional mechanism isrequired to force air through the outer and inner jackets, with theexception of the air compressing plunger head earried directly by anextension of the inside air jacket, together with the necessary checkvalves for causing the air to move'in the proper direction andpreventing back pressure. Supporting rods or projections 60 may beinterposed between the piston rod 2 and the-air jacket 3 and connectedto either one of said parts to prevent possible collapse of the airjacket 3 under the force of the explosions. It will also be seen that byreason of the air and fuel being mixed within the combustion chamber,there is no waste vof the fuel and no occasion for the use of acarbureter.

It willA of course be understood that the construction hereinabovedescribed is susceptible of many changes in the form, proportion andminor details of construction which may accordingly be resorted towithout departing from the principle or sacrificing any of theadvantages of the invention.

Having thus described my invention, l claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, anair jacket surrounding said cylinder, a reciprocatory piston. a pistonrod, an air jacket surrounding` said piston rod and movable therewith,and air compressing means carried by said piston rod jacket andoperating to force air into both of said jackets.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, areciprocatorv piston, a piston rod, an air jacket surrounding saidpisto-n rod and including a face of said piston, and air compressingmeans carried by said piston rod jacket and operating to force air intothe same.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, areciprocatory piston, a piston rod, an air jacket surrounding saidpiston rod and including a. face of said piston, and an air compressingplunger head carried by said piston rod jacket and operating to forceair into the same. a portion of said cylinder forming an air compressingchamber.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, areciprocatory piston, a piston rod,`an air jacket surrounding saidpiston rod and including the opposite faces of said piston, and aircompressing means carried by the piston rod jacket and operating toforce air into said jacket.

5. ln an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, areciprocatory piston, a piston rod, an air jacket Surrounding saidpiston rod and embodying an expanded portion fastened to the piston andincluding a portion of one face thereof, and air .compressing meansincluding a plunger head carried Aby said jacket.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, apiston rod, pistons on said rod in spaced relation to each other, astationary cylinder head between said pistons through which the pistonrod passes, an air jacket surrounding said rod and Working through thehead, and air compressing means including a'plunger head actuated by thepiston rod for forcing air into the air jacket. v

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, apiston rod, pistons on said rod in spaced relation to each other, astationary cylinder head between said pistons through which the pistonrod passes, an air jacket surrounding saidl rod and Working through thehead, said air jacket having its ends expanded to cover the adjacentfaces of the pistons, and air compressing means including a plunger headactuated by the piston rod for forcing air into the air jacket.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, apiston rod, pistons on said rod in spaced relation to each other, astationary cylinder head between said pistons through which the pistonrod passes, an air jacket surroundingsaid rod and working through thehead, said air jacket having its ends expanded to cover the adjacentfaces of the pistons, an extension of said air jacket fastened to theopposite side of one of said pistons,l and air compressing meansincluding. an air compressing plunger carried by said extension forforcing air into said 'air jacket and the extension thereof, the lastnamedv piston being formed with an air port, and a portionof thecylinder forming an air compressing chamber.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, apiston rod, pistons on said rod in spaced relation to each other, astationary cylinder head between said pistons through which the pistonrod passes, air jackets surrounding the cylinder at opposite sides ofthe cylinder head, and air compressing means including an aircolnpresslng plunger actuated by the piston rod, a partof the cylinderforming an air compressing chamber, and the cylinder head belng formedwith cooling passages through which the air passes from one jacket tothe other. v

l0. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of 'a cylinder, apiston rod, pistons on said rod in spaced relation to each other, astationary cylinder head between said pistons through which the pistonrod passes, an air jacket surrounding said rod and Working through thehead, air compressing means` including a -plunger head actuated by thepiston rod for forcing air into the air jacket, and packing ringsinterposed A between said air jacket and cylinder head. U In testimonywhereof I affix my signature 1n presence of tWo Witnesses. f

REYNOLD C. F. MALMQUIST, GUSTAF ERICKSON.

